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가공(加工) processing, manufacturing
Making a new product by working or refining natural products or raw materials.
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가공미삼(加工尾蔘) processed tail ginseng
Fine-root ginseng dried for the purpose of long-term storage of fresh ginseng.
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가공백삼(加工白蔘) processed white ginseng
Ginseng peeled and dried for the purpose of long-term storage of fresh ginseng.
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가공인삼(加工人蔘) processed ginseng
Ginseng processed for long-term storage of fresh ginseng; classified by processing method into red ginseng, Taegeuk ginseng, white ginseng and others.
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Adding sugar.
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A ginseng pest that forms white, cotton-like masses.
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Weather with no rain for a long period; drought (旱魃).
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가미절편삼(加味切片蔘) seasoned sliced ginseng
Ginseng made by processing and slicing the body of fresh ginseng to give it flavour.
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The value obtained by taking a fixed volume of soil in its natural state, drying it, and dividing by the total volume of the soil.
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가삼(家蔘) cultivated ginseng
A term used in the Joseon period for the cultivation of ginseng.
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가설(架設) installation, establishment, erection
Building and erecting a structure; in ginseng cultivation the single-layer shade frame is the representative example.
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가소성(可塑性) plastic, plasticity
[Genetics] An index showing the degree to which the expression of a genotype changes with environmental factors. [Chemistry] The property whereby a substance changes shape under pressure and does not return to its original state when the pressure is removed.
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A reaction in which inorganic salts are broken down into acids and bases by the action of water.
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A product formed by hydrolysis.
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가수분해효소(류)(加水分解酵素(類) hydrolase(s)
A general term for enzymes that catalyse hydrolysis reactions.
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The portion of a food that is suitable for eating.
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가역반응(可逆反應) reversible reaction
A reaction in which a substance altered by a chemical reaction returns to its original state when the temperature or concentration is changed.
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Applying heat to a substance.
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가열살균(加熱殺菌) heat sterilization (멸균)
Killing microorganisms by heating.
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The property of being soluble in water or other solvents.
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가용성고형물(可溶性固形物) soluble solids
A value (%) measured with a refractometer for sugar determination (at 20°C) under the international food standard for fruit beverages.
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가용성녹말(可溶性綠末) soluble starch
Starch that does not dissolve in cold water but disperses well in hot water to form a solution of low viscosity.
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가인삼(假人蔘) pseudoginseng,Panax pseudoginseng Wall
A species of the genus Panax, also known as Himalayan ginseng.
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가토(加土) banking, soil additive
Drawing soil up onto the bed in which ginseng is planted, that is, hilling up.
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가편삼(加片蔘) ginseng for weight adjustment
Ginseng added in order to make up the packing unit weight and the piece grade (片級).
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Packing temporarily.
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각경(脚徑) branch root diameter
The diameter of the lateral roots of the main body in processed ginseng.
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각부(脚部) leg part, branch root part
A collective term for the lateral roots and fine roots branching from the body of the ginseng root.
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각장(脚長) branch root length
The length of the lateral roots of the main body in processed ginseng.
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Hardening caused by the formation of cutin in the epidermal cells.
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간이검정(簡易檢定) sample test, quick test
A testing method that uses a simple and easy procedure.
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Thinning out.
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A phenomenon in which the colour of plant roots or leaves, or of foods during processing or storage, turns yellowish brown to blackish brown.
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갈변반응(褐變反應) browning reaction
Discoloration to brown, or the browning reaction.
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An abbreviation for dry fallen leaves or oak leaves.
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The entry of a pathogen into the body.
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감자썩이선충 potato rot nematode
A kind of nematode; a pest that damages ginseng.
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갑삼(甲蔘) best grade ginseng seedling, top quality ginseng seedling
Grades indicating the quality of seedling ginseng; there are gapsam and eulsam, with gapsam being the higher grade.
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강상삼칠(姜狀三七) Ginger ginseng,Panax zingiberensis C. Y. Wuet Feng
A species of Panax distributed in Yunnan Province, China; it has stiff hairs on the midrib and its roots form ginger-shaped tubers.
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Snow falling.
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강설량(降雪量) amount of snowfall
The total amount of snow that has fallen on a given area of ground, expressed as the amount of melt water, in millimetres.
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Rain falling, or the rain that has fallen.
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강우량(降雨量) amount of rainfall
The amount of rain reaching the ground surface, expressed as a depth of water.
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A food to which a medicine or active substance said to promote health and increase the vitality of the organs and the body has been artificially added.
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개갑(開匣) dehiscence, stratification
The splitting open of the seed coat of an immature seed; opening the seed for germination.
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개갑장(開匣場) stratified place
A site where containers and other facilities are installed for the dehiscence treatment of seed.
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개갑종자(開匣種子) stratified seed,dehiscent seed
Seed whose coat has split open on completion of dehiscence treatment.
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The process of artificially controlling temperature and moisture to promote after-ripening of the embryo in ginseng seed.
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개량일복(改良日覆) improved shade
A shade structure in which the covering and framework have been changed by using synthetic materials such as shade netting instead of the conventional rice straw.
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개량장척(改良長尺) improved planting ruler
A measuring rod made so that the planting standard can be adjusted as required when transplanting ginseng.
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A material spread on the soil to improve its physical and chemical properties.
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The bursting open after maturity of the main part of the stamen, the male organ (雄性器官) of a seed plant.
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A group of individuals of a single species inhabiting a given area.
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개체변이(個體變異) individual variation
Differences between individuals in the expression of a trait.
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개체선발(個體選拔) individual selection
Selecting individuals with distinctive genetic traits in breeding.
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개화(開花) flowering anthesis, blossoming
The opening of flowers.
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개화기(開花期) flowering stage, blooming period (season, time)
The flowering period, taken as the time when 40% of all individuals have flowered.
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개화순서(開花順序) flowering order
The order in which the flowers open.
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객토(客土) soil dressing, soil conditioning
Mixing in soil of different properties in order to improve farmland.
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The larva of the cutworm moth; a kind of pest.
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The margin of a leaf or petal being jagged like the teeth of a saw.
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A plant leaf having a serrated margin.
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Material dried by removing the moisture from an organism in its original state.
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The state and weight of an organism after its moisture has been removed.
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Dried ginseng, that is, white ginseng.
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건조(乾燥) drying, dehydration, desiccation
Removing the moisture contained in a substance.
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건조기(乾燥機) dryer, dehydrator
A machine that dries a substance in order to remove its moisture.
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건조비율(乾燥比率) ratio of curing
The ratio of the weight before and after drying.
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A kind of pest belonging to the family Noctuidae of the order Lepidoptera.
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The process of examining whether a product has been made in accordance with the standard.
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검사원(檢査員) judge, panel (=panelist), subject
A person who carries out inspection.
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검정(檢定) assay, testing, indexing
Measuring the concentration or activity of a substance.
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Seed whose quality has been guaranteed or confirmed by verification.
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A field used to test a particular characteristic.
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결실(結實) fruiting, bearing,seeding-setting
The setting of fruit.
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결실율(結實率) seed setting percentage, seed setting rate
The proportion of ripe fruit that sets.
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결주(缺株) missing plant, vacant hill
Plants lost through disease or other damage.
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결주율(缺株率) missing rate,percent missing plant
The proportion of plants lost.
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결핍증(缺乏症) deficiency disease, deficiency symptom
A pathological condition in animals or plants caused by a deficiency of some nutrient.
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The stem of a plant.
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경도(硬度) hardness, firmness, solidity
The degree of hardness.
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경도계(硬度計) hardness tester (meter)
An instrument for measuring how hard or soft an object is.
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Inclination.
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The degree of inclination.
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Sloping land.
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The number of stems.
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The stems and leaves of a plant.
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Turning over fields with a plough or similar implement in order to grow crops.
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The length of the stem.
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경종법(耕種法) cultivation method, cultural practices
The method by which a crop is cultivated.
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The diameter of the stem.
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경토(耕土) cultivated soil, arable land (soil)
Soil turned over by tillage; soil that can be cultivated.
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Changing from a soft state to a hard one.
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The stem scars appearing on the rhizome head of the ginseng.
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계분(鷄糞) poultry feces, chicken manure
Chicken droppings.
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The maternal line and the like; a single lineage separated out by selection.
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계통분리(系統分離) line separation
A separation-breeding method in which selection is carried out repeatedly on a population of individuals or lines.
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계통선발(系統選拔) pedigree selection
A breeding method in which individuals are selected in the segregating generations of a hybrid, the progeny of each are maintained separately, and selection is made by comparing the lines.
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계통육종법(系統育種法) pedigree breeding method
A method of developing a variety by selecting promising lines in the segregating generations of a hybrid.
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A root of advanced age; in the case of ginseng, a root of four years or more, up to six years.
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One of the units making up a ridge: the drainage channel remaining once the raised bed is excluded → furrow.
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Draining water through the furrows.
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고랑폭(溝幅) furrow width, ditch width
The width of the furrow.
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고려삼(高麗蔘) Korean red ginseng
Ginseng cultivated in Goguryeo during the Three Kingdoms period, compared with Baekje ginseng and Silla ginseng.
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고려인삼(高麗人蔘) Korean ginseng
Ginseng cultivated and produced on the Korean Peninsula.
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Bitter taste.
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Withering and dying because of a lack of moisture or because of disease.
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The percentage obtained by dividing the number of dead plants by the number of living plants.
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고사포닌 high saponin content
Having a high saponin content.
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고설법(高說法) upper (above) ground stratifying
A method in which the dehiscence container is set higher than ground level during the dehiscence treatment of ginseng seed.
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Withered, dead leaves.
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고엽제거(枯葉除去) removing of stem and leaf
Removing withered leaves, stems and the like.
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A temperature higher than the optimum for growth.
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고온장해(高溫障害) heat (high temperature) injury
Suffering damage from high temperature.
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고죽(枯竹) dead stem, die-back stem
A withered, dead stem.
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고토비료(苦土肥料) magnesium fertilizer
A fertiliser whose main component is available magnesium.
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One of the ginseng varieties.
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A substance added in order to harden a material during product processing and the like.
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고형분(固形分) soil content, dry solid
The content (%) of active ingredients remaining when all the water in a liquid product has been evaporated.
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A high raised bed.
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고휴재배(高畦栽培) high ridge cultivation
Cultivation with the raised beds built high.
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곡간답(谷間沓) paddy in the valley
Paddy fields lying between hills.
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A main-body white ginseng product made by bending the body and part of the roots of the ginseng.
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Digging furrows between the plants and covering the base of the stems with soil so that they do not fall over.
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Powder made by grinding animal bones.
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A filamentous fungus, made up of hyphae and having no fixed form.
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The phenomenon in which a pathogen is carried by the wind to susceptible plants.
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Being hollow inside.
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공물인삼(貢物人蔘) tributary ginseng
Ginseng presented to the royal court or to the state.
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공시재료(供試材料) testing materials
A general term for the materials to be used in a trial.
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공시품종(供試品種) testing varieties
The lines or varieties used in a trial.
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The series of operations carried out to manufacture a product.
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Fruit.
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A rank below the order in plant taxonomy; ginseng belongs to the family Araliaceae.
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The diameter of the fruit.
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Small, round grains.
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The colour of the fruit.
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What is formed when a flower is fertilised (受精) and its ovary (子房) develops and enlarges, that is, the fruit.
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과육(果肉) flesh, sarcocarp, fruit flesh
The juicy, edible part developed from the parenchyma cells of the fruit.
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The weight of the fruit.
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과피(果皮) peel, fruit skin, pericarp
All of the fruit (果實) apart from the seed; the matured (成熟) ovary wall (子房壁), divided into exocarp, mesocarp and endocarp.
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The shape or form of the fruit.
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관능검사(官能檢査) organoleptic test, sensory evaluation (test)
Assessment using the five human senses (五感) to judge the supply value, marketability and acceptability of a food; usually a number of panellists gather to evaluate and judge its taste.
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Applying water artificially when the soil moisture needed for crop growth is insufficient.
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A method of pesticide application in which holes are made in the soil or in the tree and the chemical solution is injected.
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관행(慣行) conventional practices
What has been done customarily since former times.
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관행시비(慣行施肥) conventional (traditional) fertilization
The method of applying fertiliser that has been practised since former times.
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관행육종(慣行育種) conventional (traditional) breeding
The traditional pedigree breeding method; a concept contrasted with present-day molecular breeding.
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관행재배(慣行栽培) conventional culture
The general cultivation method practised since earlier times.
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관행해가림 conventional shade, straw shading
A shade structure in which the front and rear posts are connected.
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Broad, large leaves.
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광폭재배(廣幅栽培) wide ridge (bed) cultivation
Cultivation with the top of the raised bed made wider than 90 cm.
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The union of two different female and male gametes to form a zygote.
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교잡육종(交雜育種) cross breeding
A breeding method applied to the segregating population of a hybrid produced by crossing; one of the most basic breeding methods in use today.
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국제식량농업기구(國際食糧農業機構) FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN)
A specialised agency of the United Nations established to eliminate hunger and poverty in developing countries.
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국제식품규격위원회(國際食品規格委員會) Codex
An international body established in 1962 jointly by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) to set international food standards.
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A mass (塊狀) formed when the hyphae of certain fungi bind densely to the flowers, fruit or roots of a plant, or sometimes to organic matter.
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균핵병(菌核病) screrotinia rot, white rot
A disease caused by pathogenic fungi that form sclerotia.
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A general term for plant diseases in which the roots rot.
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The thickening of the roots.
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The length of the root.
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The weight of the root.
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The shape or form of the root.
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One of the ginseng varieties.
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기내번식(器內繁殖) in vitro propagation
A general term for techniques that produce plants under controlled environmental conditions by placing an artificial medium in test tubes or other vessels under sterile conditions.
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기본식물(基本植物) breeder’s seed, breeder’s stock
Plants maintained by the breeding institution in order to preserve the seed purity of a variety designated as a recommended variety.
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A plant that acts as the host of a parasitic plant.
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The phenomenon whereby growth is suppressed or yield falls in most crops when they are cropped continuously (連作).
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기지현상(忌地現象) sickness of soil
The marked growth disorder that appears when the same crop is grown continuously in the same field. ☞ See continuous cropping injury.
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Beneficial microorganisms able to suppress the growth or multiplication of pathogens.
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길항물질(拮抗物質) antagonist, antagonistic substance
A substance by which organisms suppress each other's action.
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길항작용(拮抗作用) antagonistic action, antagonism
Mutual suppression between organisms; the opposite of synergism, denoting action that reduces, abolishes or suppresses the effect of some factor in a living body.
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꺼치 rice straw thatch, rice straw mat
Rice straw, reeds and the like woven thinly at close intervals; thatch.
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꽃대 flower stalk, peduncle
The part where the stem and the petals join. ☞ See flower stalk.
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난발삼(亂髮蔘) ginseng root of disheveled-hair shape
Fresh ginseng of reduced marketability because its slender legs have spread out in many directions.
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Cavities of irregular size formed inside fresh ginseng or red ginseng.
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내백(內白) internal white, inside white
The white part inside red ginseng or Taegeuk ginseng where the tissue has failed to brown and remains off-white and sponge-like.
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The ability to withstand adverse external conditions.
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The property, or the degree, by which a crop withstands a high accumulation of salts.
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내한성(耐旱性) drought tolerance, water stress resistance
The property by which a plant withstands drought.
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냉해(冷害) chilling injury, cold weather damage
Damage to crops caused when cold air (冷氣), that is low temperature, arrives earlier than usual.
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The yellowing of ginseng leaves during growth. ☞ See yellowing disorder.
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노지(露地) open field, bare ground
A field under natural conditions.
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녹비작물(綠肥作物) green manure crop
Crops used as green manure; for ginseng, grasses such as Sudan grass and rye are mainly used.
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논재배인삼 culture of ginseng in paddy-field
Ginseng cultivated in paddy fields.
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농산물위해요소(農産物危害要素) ago-products hazard analysis
The chemical, biological and physical hazards that impair the safety of agricultural produce.
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농산물이력추적제(農産物履瀝追跡制) traceability
A system that allows the production and distribution of agricultural produce to be traced.
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농약잔류(農藥殘留) pesticide residue
The state in which applied pesticide remains in the crop or in the environment (water, soil, air).
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농약잔류허용기준(農藥殘留許容基準) maximum residue limit
A maximum residue limit set in order to produce and supply safe agricultural produce and to prevent the misuse and overuse of pesticides.
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The rhizome (地下莖) of the ginseng; the head of the ginseng root (蔘).
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Water leaking out through cracks, holes or splits.
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Having several stems on a single root.
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다년생식물(多年生植物) perennial plant
A plant that continues to grow for several years after a single sowing or transplanting.
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다량요소(多量要素) macronutrient, major nutrient
Elements essential to plant growth that are required in large amounts, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur.
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다비재배(多肥栽培) heavy fertilizing culture
Cultivation using a larger amount of fertiliser than usual.
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다수성(多收性) high yielding property
The characteristic whereby the genetic traits confer a high-yielding capacity.
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다수확재배(多收穫栽培) high yielding culture
Raising yield by taking account of various conditions such as weather, soil, crop, variety and cultivation method.
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단각(單脚) single branch root
Having a single lateral root (支根).
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단간(短稈) short culm (stature)
Having a short stem.
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단간종(短稈種) short-culm variety
A variety with short stems.
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단경(單莖) monopodium, single stem
A plant having a single stem.
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단립구조(單粒構造) singular structure
The state in which the particles making up the soil are scattered individually without forming aggregates; single-grain structure.
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단열재(斷熱材) insulating material
A material of low thermal or electrical conductivity, used to prevent the flow of heat or electricity.
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달래삼 rocambole-shape ginseng seedling
Ginseng shaped like the root of a wild chive.
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담수(湛水) soil submerging, flooding, water-logged
Holding water in paddy or dry fields.
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답전윤환(沓田輪換) paddy and dry (upland) rotation
A system in which a field is alternated between paddy and upland conditions for several years at a time, growing rice and upland crops; also called yundap, hwandap or byeongyeongdap.
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당인삼(糖人蔘) sweetened ginseng
Ginseng to which sugars have been added.
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대두박(大豆粕) soybean cake, soybean meal
The by-product left after soybeans have been crushed and the oil extracted.
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Seed whose 1,000-grain or 100-grain weight is greater than the average.
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Root ginseng of white or red ginseng measuring 6 mm or more in diameter and 2 cm or more in length.
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대미각(大尾脚) big tail branch root
Lateral roots classed as daemi, that is, 6 mm or more in diameter and, in length, 20 mm or more for white ginseng and 30–60 mm for red ginseng.
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Fresh ginseng (水蔘) that is heavy per individual root.
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A kind of fungal disease, namely blight.
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The timber that connects one supporting post to the next in a shade structure.
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A crop falling over towards the ground surface; lodging.
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도장(徒長) overgrowth, spindly growth
Overgrowth; spindly, etiolated growth.
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Drying in the frozen state.
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Damage suffered by crops from frost and ice.
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동장(胴長) main body length, taproot length
The length of the ginseng body.
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동체(胴體) taproot, main body
The body portion of the ginseng.
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동할(胴割) notched-belly, cracking
The state in which the body or the lateral roots of fresh ginseng (水蔘) have split open.
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동할삼(胴割蔘) notched ginseng, cracked ginseng
Ginseng whose body or lateral roots have split open in fresh ginseng (水蔘).
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동해(凍害) freezing damage (injury)
Damage suffered when ice forms in the tissues of a crop because of low winter temperatures.
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The raised part formed by ploughing a field and opening furrows.
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두둑다짐 pressing of ridge side
Firming the raised bed with a spade or similar tool so that it does not collapse.
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두둑사이 space between beds (ridges)
The spacing between one ridge and the next.
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Making the raised beds.
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뒷말뚝 rear pole, rear post, back pole
The stake at the rear of the raised bed in the shade structure of a ginseng field. ☞ See rear post.
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The rear rows, rows 4 to 6, in a ginseng field. ☞ See rear rows.
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A ginseng pest, also called the shell-less snail, that is, the slug.
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등록품종(登錄品種) registered variety
A variety registered after the examination of the seed or seedling has been completed.
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등외삼(等外蔘) undergrade ginseng
Fresh ginseng that cannot be placed in any ginseng grade.
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A kind of rodent that damages ginseng.
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등황숙종(橙黃熟種) orange berry variant
A variety with orange-yellow fruit, such as Cheonpung.
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땅강아지 african mole cricket
A kind of ginseng pest.
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Abundant in organs containing chlorophyll and also present in the seed; it is the only mineral element that is a constituent of chlorophyll, and as a macroelement it is involved in physiological disorders.
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The last frost to fall in late spring.
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만상해(晩霜害) late frost damage
Damage caused by late frost.
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만생종(晩生種) late season (maturing, ripening) variety
A variety of the same crop that has a long growing period and matures late.
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The carrying of pathogens or pollen by wind, insects, water and the like.
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An insect that transmits the pathogens of animals or plants.
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One of the insect orders; the ginseng pest known as the mealybug belongs to the order Hemiptera.
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매잡이 trying or making a knot
The work, or the implement, of tying wire or cord to the rafters so that the thatch covering the shade roof is not blown away by wind.
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매장층(埋藏層) stratified layer
The layer in the dehiscence container in which the ginseng seed is buried: a mixed layer of seed and sand.
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Covering the surface of the soil in which a crop is growing with straw, hay, plastic film or the like.
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Screening the front of the shade structure with a blind or shade netting to keep out direct sunlight during the hot season.
-
면삼(眠蔘) dormant ginseng (root), quiescent root
Ginseng that does not sprout during the above-ground growing period but remains dormant in the soil.
-
명거배수(明渠排水) open ditch drain
A surface drainage method in which ditches are dug to carry the water away.
-
A pest belonging to the snail family of the order Stylommatophora.
-
The parent that serves as the female in a cross in breeding.
-
모세관(毛細管) capillary columm
Small pores in the soil that are governed by capillary force.
-
The rock lying beneath the soil.
-
모용(毛茸) trichome, hair, pubescence
Hairs or scales formed on the surface of a plant.
-
A disease that attacks the base of a young plant at ground level and kills it.
-
Seedling ginseng produced by sowing seed in a nursery bed.
-
The field in which seedling ginseng is grown.
-
무균상(無菌床) clean bench, laminar flow cabinet
A device made to prevent contamination by other microorganisms during work such as transferring or inoculating pathogens.
-
무상기간(無霜期間) frostless (frostfree) period
The frost-free period, from the late frost of spring to the first frost of autumn.
-
무상일수(無霜日數) frost free days
The number of frost-free days in a year: the number of days from the last frost until the first frost.
-
무편삼(無片蔘) non-grade root, poor grade root
Small ginseng among the main-body white ginseng grades that falls short of the 3.0–4.5 kg piece-grade standard.
-
The properties relating to the shape and appearance of a material such as soil.
-
Rice bran.
-
미개갑종자(未開匣種子) non-dehiscent seed
Seed whose coat has not split open, or harvested seed that has undergone dehiscence treatment but has not split.
-
미국삼(美國參) American ginseng
Ginseng with the scientific name Panax quinquefolium L., growing wild or cultivated in North America including the United States and Canada; also called Western ginseng. ☞ See American ginseng.
-
미기상(微氣象) micrometeorology
The local weather conditions from the ground surface to around the plant leaves; the microclimate.
-
미량원소 microelement, trace elements
Trace metallic elements that are indispensable to the existence of living organisms.
-
The fine roots of red, white or fresh ginseng.
-
In soil texture and particle classification, particles of a size between sand and clay, with diameters in the range 0.2 to 0.002 mm.
-
Soil with a silt content of 50% or more and a clay content within 27%, excluding silt soils with a silt content of 80% or more and a clay content of 12% or less.
-
미삼(尾蔘) tail root, tail ginseng
Fine roots arising during the manufacture of white ginseng, or fine roots from the fresh state, that have been dried.
-
미생물(微生物) microbe, microorganism
Living organisms, including protists such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and yeasts.
-
미숙(未熟) immature, immaturity, unripeness
The state of being unripe or immature.
-
Fruit that is not fully mature.
-
Seed that has not filled and ripened fully.
-
An embryo that is not fully mature.
-
A member of the family Elateridae of the order Coleoptera; also known as the wireworm.
-
밀식(密植) close spacing, dense planting
Planting densely, leaving no gaps.
-
밀식재배(密植栽培) dense planting (high density) culture
Cultivating with dense planting and no gaps → close planting.
-
The residue left after oil has been pressed out, such as oil cake.
-
Peeling the skin from fresh ginseng.
-
반곡삼(半曲蔘) half-curved ginseng
White ginseng made with an upright body and part of the legs bent; a grade between jiksam and goksam.
-
A nursery that combines the advantages and disadvantages of the yangjik and tojik nursery types.
-
반양직묘포(半養直苗圃) semimodified soil nursery
A nursery sown after the large clods and stones have been removed from the nursery field and the beds have been formed.
-
반점병(斑點病) leaf spot disease
A disease whose symptoms are large and small spots on the leaves; it is caused by various fungi and bacteria.
-
Rooting.
-
The emergence of a shoot from the rhizome head.
-
발아(發芽) germination, budding
The sprouting of a shoot from the seed; germination.
-
발아기(發芽期) germination (sprouting) time, date of sprouting
The day on which about 40% of all the sown seed has germinated.
-
밥알뇌 rhizome shape of boiled rice grain
A form in which poor growth at the rhizome head leaves rice-grain-sized head segments or stem scars clustered together.
-
방석뇌 round and plate shape rhizome
A name given because the shape of the rhizome head resembles a cushion.
-
방위각(方位角) azimuth, azimuth bearings
The angle that determines the direction of the terrain; the aspect.
-
방제력(防除曆) control (spray) calendar
A calendar recording the timing of pest and disease control.
-
Methods of protecting crops from disease and insect damage and of controlling them.
-
Netting put up to prevent bird damage to crops.
-
The young organism from the fertilisation of the egg cell in the early development of a multicellular organism until it has grown to a fair size; the embryo.
-
배당체(配糖體) glycoside, glucoside
A compound in which a sugar is bound to the hydroxyl group of an alcohol or a phenol; a glycoside.
-
Culturing an embryo taken from the seed by providing a suitable environment such as a culture solution.
-
The change of a morphologically and physiologically immature embryo into a mature embryo over a certain period.
-
The draining of water out of the field.
-
Propagating microorganisms, cells and the like by providing artificial nutrient conditions.
-
The equipment used for culturing microorganisms, cells and the like.
-
The tissue that stores nutrients in its cells and supplies the nutrients the embryo needs to grow when the seed germinates; the endosperm.
-
A medium supplied with sufficient nutrients for culturing fungi, cells or plants and adjusted to a suitable osmotic pressure and pH.
-
Hilling up: drawing soil from between the furrows or between the plants up to the base of the plants during the growing period.
-
백대미(白大尾) white big tail root
Peeled tail ginseng in which the lower part of the root is 6 mm or more in diameter and 20 mm or more in length.
-
Whole-form ginseng processed from fresh ginseng (水蔘) of four years or older by removing the skin and drying it to a moisture content of 14% or less.
-
백삼제품(白蔘製品) white ginseng products
Ginseng products processed from white ginseng.
-
백삼포(白蔘圃) white ginseng field
A ginseng field grown for the purpose of making white ginseng, mostly of four- to five-year-old roots.
-
백세미(白細尾) white slender tail root
Tail ginseng whose upper diameter falls short of the standard for the lower root diameter of baekjungmi or pijungmi.
-
백중미(白中尾) white mid tail root
Peeled tail ginseng in which the lower part of the root is 2 mm or more but less than 6 mm in diameter and 20 mm or more in length.
-
A condition in which, even after complete drying in red ginseng manufacture, the root skin does not turn the normal brown but wrinkles and appears off-white.
-
Differences in character or form among animals or plants of the same kind, indicating the diversity between individuals within a population.
-
The rank classified below the species in plant taxonomy: a form of the same kind of animal or plant that differs in character or shape; the variety.
-
The phenomenon in which diseased plant tissue undergoes necrosis and shows a definite pattern.
-
병변삼칠(屛邊三七) Panax stipuleanatus Tsi et Feng
Also called yasamchil, tosamchil, baeksamchil or jukjeolchil; it forms tubers (塊根) below the rhizome, and its pharmacological action is haemostatic.
-
A general term for abnormal fresh ginseng (水蔘) affected by root rot, rusty root, silver skin and the like.
-
A microorganism that causes disease; it can also mean the individual organism responsible for a particular disease.
-
A change in external form that appears when some cause produces an abnormality in the cells, tissues or organs of a plant; a symptom.
-
Damage to plants caused by pathogens.
-
보급종(普及種) Certificated seed, registered seed
Seed distributed for use by farmers.
-
A protective fungicide that has been widely used to this day since the French botanist Millardet found it effective against downy mildew of grapes in 1885. ☞ See Bordeaux mixture.
-
보비력(保肥力) fertilizer holding capacity
Fertiliser-holding capacity: the degree to which the soil retains fertiliser components over time.
-
보수력(保水力) water holding capacity
The capacity to retain water; the soil moisture content is expressed as a percentage by weight or by volume.
-
Supplementary replanting where plants have died in places in the planting area because of poor establishment after transplanting or various kinds of damage → gap filling.
-
보식삼(補植蔘) ginseng seedling for replant
Ginseng replanted as a supplement where establishment after transplanting has been poor or damage has occurred in places.
-
A general term for substances added in small amounts to improve the physical and chemical properties of a pesticide when the active ingredient is formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate, wettable powder or other formulation.
-
복렴(覆簾) blind, bamboo-blind
A blind woven from bamboo or similar material to keep the covering from sagging in a conventional shade structure.
-
Covering the raised bed with soil → soil covering.
-
A type of ginseng product consisting of the head, body and legs.
-
The number of ginseng plants.
-
The field in which seedlings are grown from transplanting until harvest → the main field.
-
본포기(本圃期) main field stage (period)
The growing period from transplanting the seedlings until harvest.
-
Whole-form products made by infusing fresh ginseng with honey invert sugar and drying it to a moisture content of about 15%.
-
The leaves, stems and other parts apart from the ginseng root; saponins and other substances are sometimes obtained from them.
-
Letting material rot until it is mature; maturing by decomposition.
-
부숙도(腐熟度) degree of decomposition
The degree of decomposition.
-
부숙퇴비(腐熟堆肥) decomposed compost
Fully decomposed compost.
-
Soil formed from the decay of fallen leaves of grasses and trees; it is used as yakto material for ginseng nursery beds → leaf mould.
-
Covering the raised bed with thatch, rice straw, hay, rice hulls and the like.
-
부초재배 grass mulching cultivation
A method of growing crops in which straw or grass is spread on the soil surface to prevent drying and erosion; mulching.
-
Ginseng whose root has rotted wholly or in part.
-
Powder made by grinding ginseng.
-
Disinfecting seed and the like by coating it with a powdered chemical.
-
불용묘삼(不用苗蔘) unusable (useless) seedling
Seedling ginseng unsuitable for transplanting.
-
불임율(不稔率) percent of sterility
The proportion that fails to set seed.
-
The state in which ginseng tissue increases in size while retaining its original structure.
-
비대기(肥大期) thickening period (stage)
The period when the ginseng root thickens (July to September in Korea).
-
비배관리(肥培管理) fertilization and management
Growing crops by spreading manure well so as to make the land fertile.
-
비절(肥切) fertilizer deficiency, nutritional deficiency
A decline in soil fertility.
-
A kind of nematode that damages crops.
-
A soil texture class with a clay content of 20% or less, sand of 52% or more and silt of 30% or less.
-
A soil texture group with sand of 70% or less and silt of 30% or less.
-
사질식양토(砂質埴壤土) sandy clay loam
A soil texture class with a clay content of 20–35%, silt of 28% or less and sand of 45% or more.
-
A soil texture class containing 35% or more clay and 45% or more sand.
-
Soil or land containing a large proportion of sand.
-
An active constituent of ginseng; a kind of compound known as a glycoside (配糖體).
-
The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
-
Ginseng that has germinated and grown naturally in the mountains.
-
산성장해(酸性障害) acidic disorder
A physiological disorder of ginseng that appears in soils of pH 5.0 or below.
-
Soil of pH 5.0 or below; the appropriate range for ginseng cultivation soil is pH 5.0–6.0.
-
산양삼(山養蔘) cultivated wild ginseng
Ginseng grown by artificially sowing seed or transplanting seedlings under mountain forest. ☞ See jangnoesam.
-
산파(散播) broadcasting, scattering
A method of scattering seed over the whole surface of the field; broadcasting.
-
An inflorescence in which the flower stalks radiate from the same point on the axis, forming a flat or rounded cluster; ginseng has this type.
-
A chemical or preparation used to control rodents such as rats, or to prevent the damage they cause.
-
살선충제(殺線蟲劑) nematocide, nematicide
A chemical used to control nematodes that live in the soil and parasitise crop roots.
-
삼칠삼(三七參) Panax notoginseng Burkill
A ginseng species different from Korean ginseng, growing wild or cultivated from north-eastern Yunnan to south-western Guangxi in China. ☞ See Jeonchilsam (田七參).
-
A field in which ginseng is grown → ginseng field.
-
삼포관리(蔘圃管理) management of ginseng field
The management of a field under ginseng cultivation.
-
The skin of the ginseng.
-
상고(床高) bed height, ridge height
The height of a raised bed, a nursery bed and the like.
-
상광(床) bed frame (former), ridge frame
The outer bed formed in a yangjik nursery so that yakto can be placed inside the nursery bed.
-
상면(床面) bed surface, ridge surface
A field levelled and prepared so that seed can be sown.
-
According to Tao Hongjing's annotated Shennong Bencao Jing, a class of medicines that are non-toxic and do no harm even when taken over a long period or in large amounts; they include ginseng, liquorice and rehmannia.
-
Generally, a temperature of around 24°C.
-
Soil placed in the nursery bed to provide nutrients; among the types of ginseng nursery, only the yangjik nursery, which brings in bed soil from outside, requires it.
-
상폭(床幅) bed width, ridge width
The width of the raised bed in which ginseng is planted. ☞ See ridge width.
-
A bright lustre.
-
생건삼(生乾蔘) Saenggunsam, fresh dried ginseng
Roots dried after the harvested ginseng has been washed.
-
생력재배(省力栽培) labour-saving culture (cultivation)
Cultivation by mechanisation, automation and unmanned operation in order to reduce production costs.
-
생리장해(生理障害) physiological disorder (injury)
A disorder appearing in a plant that is caused not by a pathogen or by mechanical action but by physiological processes; in ginseng these include yellow disorder, rusty root and silver skin.
-
A pesticide made for pest and disease control using natural-enemy microorganisms, natural-enemy insects or antagonistic microorganisms; that is, a preparation based on living organisms.
-
The total cost of producing ginseng.
-
☞ See the traceability system for agricultural produce.
-
생석회(生石灰) calcium oxide, quick lime
A calcareous fertiliser (CaO) made by calcining calcium carbonate (limestone); calcium oxide.
-
생장조절제(生長調節劑) growth regulator
A synthetic organic substance having the properties of a plant hormone.
-
The weathered parent material layer of granite, used as wildland soil.
-
Made from copper sulphate (CuSO4·5H2O) and quicklime (CaO): dissolving 6 g of each in 1 litre of water gives the 6-6 formula and 8 g of each gives the 8-8 formula; used as a fungicide.
-
석회유황합제 lime sulfur, lime-suphur mixture
A mixture of lime and sulphur, used as a powder or an aqueous solution as an insecticide and fungicide.
-
석회질비료(石灰質肥料) calcium fertilizer
Fertilisers whose main component is calcium; the important ones include quicklime, slaked lime, calcium carbonate and calcium-magnesium lime.
-
선별(選別) screen, selection, sorting, grading
Picking out what is needed from a given material; selection.
-
One of the ginseng varieties.
-
One of the ginseng varieties.
-
A thread-like worm belonging to the roundworms (Nematoda). Its cross-section is round and its body is smooth and unsegmented; most are only about 300–1,000 µm long and 20–30 µm in diameter, so they must be observed under a microscope.
-
선충방제법(線蟲防除法) controlling method of nematode
A method of suppressing the growth of nematodes or killing them.
-
선충피해(線蟲被害) nematode damage
Damage caused when plant-parasitic nematodes parasitise a plant. The nematodes known to occur in ginseng are the root-knot nematode and the root-lesion nematode.
-
One of the ginseng varieties.
-
Ginseng fragments produced while processed ginseng is being crushed, which pass through a sieve of 6 mm mesh.
-
Damage caused by snow.
-
세균(細菌) bacterium, bacteria
Most prokaryotes, which have no cell organelles.
-
The slender roots branching from the lateral roots in plants that have a taproot and lateral roots.
-
The fine or slender roots attached to the fine roots → rootlets.
-
Fine sand.
-
세삼(洗蔘) crushing ginseng (root)
Washing ginseng with water.
-
A species or variety whose seed is small.
-
소비재배 low fertilizing culture
Growing a crop with less fertiliser than the appropriate application rate.
-
소석회(消石灰) slacked lime, calcium hydroxide
A kind of calcareous fertiliser made by hydrating quicklime.
-
소식(疎植) spacious (sparse) planting, wide spacing
Planting at wide intervals → sparse planting.
-
The individual leaflets making up a palmate leaf. In ginseng a leaf means one palmate leaf, which consists of five leaflets → leaflet.
-
소지삼(小支蔘) small ginseng (root)
Red ginseng weighing 6.0–7.0 g or less per root, corresponding to 79–100 pieces per 600 g packing unit.
-
White ginseng weighing 3.0–4.5 g or less per root, corresponding to a piece grade of 120 or below per 600 g packing unit.
-
One of the ranks of biological classification; ginseng belongs to the genus Panax.
-
속성퇴비(速成堆肥) artificial manure, artificial farmyard manure
An organic fertiliser made by stacking straw, wild grasses and fallen leaves with calcium cyanamide, ammonium sulphate or lime added as a fermentation accelerator to promote decomposition.
-
Pulling out some of the plants to widen the spacing in densely sown or densely planted stands and improve the growing environment; thinning.
-
Ginseng that has fallen away from sliced or cut ginseng and remains on a sieve of 6 mm mesh.
-
Breaking up the large clods of tilled soil to a suitable size; harrowing.
-
The process in which pollen adheres to the stigma (柱頭) of the pistil so that fruit is set; pollination.
-
The amount of water contained in a body; fresh ginseng contains about 75% moisture.
-
수삼(水蔘) raw ginseng, flesh ginseng
Ginseng that has not been dried after harvest.
-
The property by which a substance dissolves in water.
-
수율(收率) yield, harvest rate
When a desired substance is obtained from a raw material by a chemical process, the ratio of the amount actually obtained to the amount theoretically expected, expressed as a percentage.
-
A lesion symptom in which the plant looks as though it had been scalded in hot water; a symptom of blight.
-
수피퇴비(樹皮堆肥) bark compost (manure)
Compost made by decomposing tree bark.
-
A finely powdered product made by mixing a water-insoluble active ingredient with a clay mineral carrier such as bentonite or kaolin and adding a suitable surfactant to give it hydrophilicity, wettability and adhesion.
-
숙답(熟畓) mature paddy field
Paddy soil that has been well supplied with organic matter and has matured.
-
An upland field whose soil has been well supplied with organic matter and has matured and stabilised.
-
A general term for genetically uniform individuals or lines obtained as progeny by self-pollination; a pure line.
-
순계분리(純系分離) pure line selection
A breeding method in which superior individuals are selected from a mixed population and made into lines, and the promising lines among them are selected to build up pure lines.
-
순화(馴化) acclimatization, habituation, domestication
The capacity of an organism to adapt to a new climate outside its native growing conditions; acclimatisation.
-
A kind of bamboo used in ginseng shade structures, also called sinhadae or sinjuk; the standard name is haejangjuk.
-
Planting young seedlings of a crop → planting.
-
식부장척(植付丈尺) planting yardstick
A measuring rule used to keep the spacing uniform when transplanting seedling ginseng.
-
A soil texture class under the USDA system, with a clay content of 27–40% and a sand content of 20–45%.
-
식재거리(植栽距離) planting space, planting distance
The planting distance or spacing of ginseng and other crops. ☞ See planting distance.
-
신품종(新品種) new variety, new cultivar
A newly bred variety.
-
A fungus belonging to the imperfect fungi; the pathogen that causes continuous cropping injury in ginseng.
-
심경(深耕) deep ploughing, deep tillage, deep plowing
Tilling the soil deeper than is conventional (18 cm or more).
-
A root development characteristic whereby the roots grow deep into the soil.
-
심토(心土) subsoil, deep soil
Dense soil beneath the surface layer that weathers only with difficulty and contains no organic matter.
-
The horizon lying below the topsoil or the plough layer; the subsoil.
-
A plant family that includes radish and Chinese cabbage; land where Brassicaceae were grown as the preceding crop is not suitable for ginseng cultivation.
-
쌍뇌묘삼(雙腦苗蔘) twin rhizome ginseng seedling
Seedling ginseng having two rhizome heads.
-
One of the ginseng pests.
-
씨에이(CA)저장 controlled atmosphere storage, controlled air storage (CA storage)
Storing ginseng in an environment in which the CO2 gas is artificially controlled, so as to improve the preservation of quality.
-
아미삼칠(峨眉三七) Panax wangianus Hoo and Tseng
A variety of samchilsam growing wild in the Yunnan region of China.
-
A transition metal element; a deficiency causes chlorosis and early leaf fall in crops.
-
A broad-leaved tree produced in the tropics; one of the imported timbers used as material for ginseng shade structures, also called apitong.
-
The red, purple and blue glycoside pigments formed in the cell sap of flowers, fruit, stems and leaves; anthocyanins.
-
암거배수(暗渠排水) subsurface drainage, tile drainage
Draining by digging underground channels and laying clay pipes or the like to improve drainage.
-
애우단풍뎅이 Smaller velvet chafer
A pest of ginseng fields belonging to the family Scarabaeidae of the order Coleoptera.
-
The part of the stamen that holds the pollen → anther.
-
Culture using the anther as the material; used in haploid breeding.
-
약토(藥土) Yak-to, fertilizer for ginseng
Compost used in yangjik ginseng nurseries, made by mixing leaf mould and rice bran and allowing it to decompose fully.
-
약해(藥害) chemical injury, phytotoxicity, spray injury
Damage appearing in a crop as a result of pesticides and the like; phytotoxicity.
-
Good-quality seedling ginseng that can be transplanted into the main field.
-
양분결핍(養分缺乏) nutrient deficiency
The symptoms that appear when an element required by a crop is present in the soil in less than the amount the crop needs.
-
양분과잉(養分過剩) nutrient excess
Symptoms in which more nutrients than are needed for normal growth are present in the soil and actually impede crop growth.
-
양삼(良蔘) good grade ginseng
The grade of red ginseng below jisam (地蔘).
-
양직묘포(養直苗圃) Yang-jik nursery, modified soil nursery, Yangzik seedling bed
A kind of ginseng nursery made with bed soil mixing yakto and wildland soil.
-
Soil with a clay content in the range of 25–37.5%.
-
Also known as Otane (御種) ginseng; ginseng granted by the Japanese shogunate and cultivated from the early 1700s.
-
에스오피 SOP (Standard Operating Procedure)
Standard cultivation guidelines.
-
A liquid extracted with water or an organic solvent and concentrated → extract.
-
역병(疫病) phytophthora blight
A fungal disease occurring in ginseng, potato and other crops, also called dollimbyeong or yojeolbyeong.
-
The rafter: the timber that connects and secures the front and rear posts in a ginseng shade structure.
-
Symptoms in which the infected part of the plant softens and rots; soft rot.
-
연작(連作) continuous cropping, replant
Growing the same crop in the same place year after year; continuous cropping.
-
연작장해(連作障害) replant failure, injury by continuous cropping
The damage suffered by a crop as a result of growing the same crop continuously year after year.
-
One of the ginseng varieties.
-
The arrangement planted lengthwise along the ginseng bed, corresponding to the rows; for ginseng the planting distance is expressed in rows and columns.
-
염농도(鹽濃度) electrical conductivity
The degree to which soluble salts are present in the soil. ☞ See electrical conductivity (EC).
-
Salts in general: the combination of an acid (chloride, nitrate and so on) with a base (calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium).
-
염류농도(鹽類濃度) salinity, salt concentration
Salt concentration is expressed as electrical conductivity (電氣傳導度, EC); for ginseng a salt concentration of 0.50 dS/m or less is appropriate.
-
The phenomenon in which a high level of salts in the soil damages the crop, stunting its growth and, in severe cases, killing it.
-
염류집적(鹽類集積) salt accumulation, salinization
The phenomenon in which salts rise from the lower layers and accumulate excessively at the surface in soils under protected cultivation or ginseng shade structures.
-
염화가리(鹽化加里) potassium chloride
A compound of chlorine and potash; a general term for chlorine and potassium and for potassium carbonate.
-
The angle formed with the stem at the base of the leaf; leaves are classed as horizontal or vertical according to the angle at which they are attached to the stem.
-
엽병(葉柄) petiole, leaf stalk
The leaf stalk that supports the leaf of a plant; the petiole.
-
엽병장(葉柄長) length of petiole
The length of the petiole.
-
엽서(葉序) leaf arrangement, phyllotaxy
The order in which the leaves of a plant are borne → phyllotaxy.
-
The scorching of leaves exposed to strong direct sunlight.
-
The margin of the leaf.
-
The maximum length of the leaf.
-
The width of the leaf.
-
The form of the leaf.
-
예정지(豫定地) preplanting field, preparation field
Land set aside for sowing or transplanting.
-
예정지관리(豫定地管理) preplanting field management
Preparing and managing the designated land before transplanting so that the ginseng will grow well once it is planted.
-
예정지기비(豫定地基肥) basal fertilization for preplanting field
The organic matter applied during the management of the designated land.
-
예찰(豫察) prediction, forecasting
Forecasting how the occurrence of pests and diseases will change in future, taking account of pathogen and pest densities, the current situation, the state of crop growth and weather forecasts.
-
One of the ranks of biological classification; ginseng belongs to the family (科) Araliaceae → Araliaceae.
-
옹피(翁皮)삼 wrinkled skin ginseng
A root whose skin is wrinkled.
-
완숙퇴비(完熟堆肥) fully decomposed manure
Manure made by fully decomposing straw and leaves; it is dark brown, somewhat springy and free of bad odour.
-
One of the ginseng pests.
-
Its scientific name is Panax trifolius L.; because the plant is small both above and below ground it is also called dwarf ginseng, and it originates in North America.
-
A line with superior characteristics at the stage before it is developed into a variety.
-
우수농산물 관리기준 standard of GAP
The management standards required for the production and post-harvest handling of certified good agricultural produce.
-
우수농산물 인증 certified standard of GAP
The detailed criteria for good agricultural practice certification, laid down in a notification of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs.
-
우수농산물 인증품목 certified item of GAP
The items eligible for good agricultural practice certification, announced by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs.
-
우수농산물관리제도(GAP) Good Agricultural Practices
A code that blocks hazards in the production and handling process, to be observed by producers and managers so that safe and hygienic agricultural and livestock produce can be supplied to consumers.
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우수위생관리(GHP) Good Hygienic Practices
The hygiene code applied at the harvesting, sorting, storage and transport stages of agricultural produce.
-
우수제조관리(GMP) Good Manufacturing Practices
The manufacturing code to be applied in processes such as the on-site processing of agricultural produce.
-
원산지(原産地) original habitat variety provenance, place of origin
The place where an animal or plant has been raised or grown from the outset; its place of origin.
-
Virgin soil with good water permeability. ☞ See seokbirae.
-
원원종(原原種) prebasic foundation seed, breeder’seed (stock)
A species (種) or variety, among new varieties bred by a breeder or existing varieties, that is maintained so that the genetic characteristics of the line do not change and that serves as the source for seed multiplication; breeder seed.
-
원원종포(原原種圃) breeder’stock farm
The field for producing breeder seed, where seed is harvested and multiplied under isolated cultivation or by self-pollination.
-
원종(原種) registered seed, foundation seed (stock)
The seed that serves as the source from which producers (usually farmers) harvest the seed they will use for cultivation; the stage after the harvest of breeder seed (原原種); foundation seed.
-
원종포(原種圃) registered seed farm
The field for producing foundation seed.
-
The wilting and drying of a plant through lack of moisture.
-
위해요소중점관리기준(危害要素重點管理) Hazard Analysis and Critical Conttrol Point (HACCP)
A standard for the intensive management of every stage in order to prevent harmful substances from entering or contaminating a food throughout the whole process of raw materials, manufacture, processing, cooking and distribution.
-
The root formed within the embryo (胚) and connected to the hypocotyl → the radicle.
-
A general term for substances containing carbon atoms derived from living organisms → organic matter.
-
유기질비료(有機質肥料) organic fertilizer, organic manure
A general term for fertilisers of plant and animal origin, including fish meal, bone meal, silkworm pupae and oil cake ↔ inorganic fertiliser.
-
A young seedling.
-
유묘기(幼苗期) seedling stage, nursery stage
The stage after the seed has germinated and passed the weaning period, when about two to four true leaves have emerged; it differs somewhat from crop to crop.
-
유박(油粕) oil seed cake expeller cake
Oil cake: the residue left after the oil has been pressed from oil crops such as sesame, perilla and rape.
-
Young leaves.
-
A general term for populations of organisms rich in genetic variation; genetic resources.
-
유제(乳劑) emulsion, emulsifiable conentrate
A milky-white liquid made by adding a medium (媒質), mixing it with water and dispersing it well; an emulsion.
-
유효성분(有效成分) effective component available component
A general term for substances taken up by the plant and supplied as a source of nutrition.
-
유효수분(有效水分) available moisture
The moisture that plants take up from the soil and use, mainly the moisture between field capacity and the wilting point; available water.
-
육묘(育苗) growing seedling, raising seedling, rearing of seeding
The whole set of operations for raising, over a given period, good-quality seedlings best suited for transplanting, by sowing seed or using vegetative material → seedling raising.
-
육성품종(育成品種) improved variety
A variety selected and developed from a superior line.
-
윤생(輪生) verticillate whorl
Three or more flowers or leaves arising from a single point; a whorl.
-
Growing several crops in one field regularly and repeatedly in a set order → crop rotation.
-
Made by rolling aluminium out thin like paper; it is used as a covering material for ginseng shade structures.
-
은피(隱皮) ginseng with rough skin
A physiological disorder in which the skin of fresh ginseng becomes corky, uneven and flaky.
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을삼(乙蔘) second grade ginseng seedling
Seedling ginseng with a sound rhizome head and a straight body, but slightly below gapsam in thickness or length.
-
음건(陰乾) air curing, shade drying
Drying in the shade, relying on natural ventilation; shade drying ↔ sun drying (陽乾).
-
A plant that grows well in the shade.
-
A ridge.(畦) ridge, furrow, row
A term covering the raised bed and the furrow together. ☞ See raised bed.
-
A ridge.나비(畦幅) ridge width
The distance between ridges.
-
이병식물(移病植物) contagious plant, infected plant, diseased plant
A plant that has contracted a disease and is showing symptoms → diseased plant.
-
이병율(罹病率) disease incident, infection rate
The proportion affected by disease.
-
이병주율(罹病株率) percentage of infected (diseased) plant
The proportion of plant individuals affected by disease.
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Soil contaminated by pathogens and the like.
-
A general term for the work of moving plants from where they have been growing to another place; transplanting includes final planting and temporary planting.
-
이식기(移植期) transplanting stage
The time at which the seedlings are moved.
-
이식기(移植機) transplanter, transplanting machine
A machine for transplanting seedlings.
-
이식재배(移植栽培) transplanting culture
Growing plants by transplanting seedlings.
-
이엉 thatch, rice straw thatch
Straw, silver grass and the like spread thin and woven together.
-
이중차광(二重遮光) double shading
Screening with a double cover so that sunlight neither leaks out nor enters.
-
The part forming the base of a leaf, fruit, flower or other plant organ, made up of a separation layer and a protective layer, both of which are involved in abscission ↔ abscission layer.
-
인공교배(人工交配) artificial crossing
Artificial crossing, that is, artificial pollination (受粉), as opposed to the natural crossing that occurs when plants are left to themselves.
-
One of the three main fertiliser elements; an essential nutrient for crops.
-
인산질비료(燐酸質肥料) phosphorus fertilizer
A fertiliser whose main component is phosphoric acid, but which may also contain phosphoric acid with alkali, or available acid, magnesia, manganese, boron and the like.
-
A perennial plant belonging to the genus Panax of the family Araliaceae.
-
인삼경옥고(人蔘瓊玉膏) Ginseng Kyungokgo
A product made by mixing ginseng with herbal medicines such as Poria cocos.
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A product made by extracting and concentrating the soluble constituents of ginseng and processing them.
-
A product made by extracting and concentrating the soluble constituents of ginseng and encapsulating them.
-
인삼정차(人蔘精茶) ginseng extract tea
Teas made by extracting and concentrating the soluble constituents of ginseng and processing them.
-
Tea brewed with ginseng, especially with tail ginseng (尾蔘).
-
일건삼(日乾蔘) sun-dried tail ginseng (root)
Ginseng dried in the sun.
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Also called haegarim: the shade structure installed over the nursery and the main field.
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일복설치(日覆設置) shading, shade installation
Installing the shade structure.
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일복자재(日覆資材) shade material
The materials used in a shade structure, including the front posts, rear posts, rafters and purlins → shade structure materials.
-
일조량(日照量) amount of sunshine
The amount of sunlight falling as direct solar radiation on the surface of an object or on the ground.
-
임실율(稔實率) percent of fertile grain
The degree to which fertilised pollen results in fruit set, expressed as a percentage (%).
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입고병(立枯病) damping-off take-all
A disease occurring in the nursery bed. ☞ See damping-off.
-
자가수정(自家受精) self-fertilization
The fusion of the male and female gametes of the same individual; self-fertilisation.
-
자가채종(自家採種) home seed production
The production by the farm itself of seed for its own use.
-
자경종(紫莖種) violet-stem variant
A landrace of Korean ginseng, widely cultivated to this day, whose stems are purple and whose fruit skin (果皮) is red.
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자연교잡(自然交雜) open pollination natural crossing
Crossing that occurs naturally rather than by human intervention ↔ artificial crossing.
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The leaf formed at the very first node during embryo development in a seed plant; the cotyledon.
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Weighing red and white ginseng to the unit weight by type and piece grade → weight adjustment.
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작근미(作斤尾) tail root for weight adjustment
Tail ginseng used to make up the packing unit weight.
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작부체계(作付體系) cropping system, planting system
A cropping system in which the order of crops is set to suit the weather conditions and to maintain soil fertility.
-
작토(作土) surface soil, arable soil
The topsoil layer of cultivated land in which the plant roots are distributed → plough layer.
-
작토층(作土層) plow layer, arable soil stratum, cultivation layer
The surface layer in which the crop roots are distributed.
-
작판(作阪) bed making, ridging
The work of making the raised beds on which a crop is to be sown or transplanted → bed making.
-
잔류농약(殘溜農藥) pesticide residue
Pesticide that does not break down after application to a crop and remains in the produce.
-
잔류허용량(殘留許容量) residue tolerance, maximum residue limit
The standard concentration at which a residue may remain without harming human health at all when food contaminated with pesticide is eaten.
-
잡미삼(雜尾蔘) under grade tail ginseng
Tail ginseng (尾蔘) among the tail grades of red and white ginseng that cannot be classified as saleable daemi, jungmi or semi.
-
잡삼(雜蔘) under grade (red) ginseng
The lowest grade in the red ginseng classification → raw mixed ginseng, odds-and-ends ginseng.
-
잡종강세(雜種强勢) heterosis, hybrid vigor
The phenomenon in which a hybrid between different lines shows breeding traits superior to those of both parents; heterosis.
-
Removing weeds by physical, chemical or biological methods.
-
장경비(長徑比) ratio of length to diameter
The ratio of the diameter of the ginseng body to its length.
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A fruit in which most of the flesh cells (the mesocarp or endocarp) are filled with vacuoles at maturity, so that it is juicy and softens easily; hardy kiwi and wild grape belong to this type.
-
장뇌삼(長腦蔘) long rhizome ginseng
Ginseng grown as sanyangsam whose rhizome head has grown thin and long. ☞ See sanyangsam.
-
장려품종(奬勵品種) recommended variety (cultivar)
A variety that is recommended for cultivation.
-
장엽(掌葉) palmately compound leaf
A leaf form in which five leaflet stalks are arranged palmately in a whorl at the tip of the stem, as in the ginseng leaf.
-
장엽수(掌葉數) number of palmately compound leaf
The number of palmate leaves on the ginseng plant.
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The fleshy part surrounding the outside of the seed coat.
-
Seed handed down from former times and grown for many years only in a particular region, so that it is well adapted to the local climate and soil.
-
Planting seed or plants in the plough layer.
-
재식거리(栽植距離) planting distance, spacing
The distance between plants when a crop is sown or transplanted.
-
재식밀도(栽植密度) plant density, plant population, planting density
The number of plants planted per unit area.
-
Growing the same crop again on land where it has already been grown once → replanting.
-
Root ginseng of few years' cultivation, that is, two- to three-year-old roots.
-
저온장해(低溫障害) low temperature injury (damage)
Damage caused by low temperature.
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저온처리(低溫處理) chilling treatment, cold treatment, low temperature treatment
Treating seed or plants with low temperature to promote flowering or break dormancy; dormancy in ginseng seed is broken by 60 days of treatment at 5°C.
-
저장온도(貯藏溫度) storage temperature
The appropriate temperature for storage; for ginseng, around 0°C is suitable.
-
저항성품종(抵抗性品種) resistant cultivar
A variety carrying genes that resist pathogens or pests.
-
The reddening of the skin of the ginseng root, caused by excessive soil moisture, the application of immature organic matter, a high salt concentration and the like.
-
적변삼(赤變蔘) rusty root ginseng
Ginseng whose skin has turned red.
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The depth of snow accumulated on the ground, expressed in centimetres.
-
The weight borne when snow accumulates; for every 1 cm of snow the ground bears a force of about 2 kg/m² or more.
-
적화(摘花) flower picking, flower pruning
Removing the flower clusters so that the roots thicken.
-
전기전도도(電氣傳導度) electric conductivity (EC)
A measure that indirectly indicates the concentration of nutrients dissolved in the soil solution, expressed in dS/m (deciSiemens per metre).
-
전엽기(展葉期) foliation stage, leafing time
The stage at which the leaf form is complete; the leaves are usually fully expanded by early May.
-
전작물(前作物) preceding crop, prior crop
The crop grown before management of the designated land began.
-
전주(前柱) front pillar (pole, post)
The supporting post driven in at the front when the shade structure of a ginseng field is erected.
-
전칠삼(田七參) Tienchi, Sanchi (Panax notoginseng Burkill)
Also called samchilsam. It is named samchil, meaning three-seven, because many individuals have palmately compound leaves with three leaves and seven leaflets; the root is shaped like a Jerusalem artichoke. ☞ See samchilsam.
-
The front row, or front part, of the raised bed.
-
Ginseng whose roots have broken off during harvest.
-
Fresh ginseng made into white or red ginseng and then cut to a suitable size.
-
절편홍삼(切片紅蔘) sliced red ginseng
Fresh ginseng steamed into red ginseng and then cut to a suitable size.
-
점무늬병 spotting disease, leaf or stem spot
A disease caused by Alternaria panax; it includes stem spot occurring at the sprouting stage and leaf spot occurring after the leaves have expanded.
-
Fine soil particles less than 0.002 mm in diameter; because their surface area per unit weight is far greater than that of sand, they hold water and nutrients strongly.
-
점파(點播) seeding in spot, dibbling, hill seeding, spot sowing
Sowing at regular intervals in all directions ↔ broadcasting.
-
Transplanting into the main field.
-
The operation in red ginseng manufacture of using a tool to leave two or three sound lateral roots on the body root and remove the rest.
-
The fine roots cut off in shaping the ginseng.
-
제토(除土) soil mulch removing, scraping
Scraping into the furrows and removing, in spring just before the shoots emerge, the soil that was spread over the bed in autumn.
-
조기낙엽(早期落葉) early defoliation
Leaves falling early, before they have completed their normal growth.
-
A pest belonging to the family Pyralidae of the order Lepidoptera.
-
조분말(粗粉末) crude powder (meal)
A coarse-grained powder.
-
Obtained by extracting a ginseng sample with a solvent such as ethanol, removing the oil layer with ether, separating by filtration using water-saturated butanol and concentrating under reduced pressure; it is reddish yellow and in powder form.
-
The material remaining after a ginseng sample has been treated in a set way with acid and alkali; cellulose and lignin are typical examples.
-
조직배양(組織培養) tissue culture
Culturing plant cells, tissues or organs as material by an appropriate culture method, for purposes such as cell division, organogenesis and the use of constituents.
-
An extract obtained with a solvent such as alcohol that has not yet been purified; a crude extract.
-
조파(條播) drilling, drill planting (seeding), stripe seeding
Scattering seed along the furrows or rows; drilling.
-
A rank in plant classification, the level below the genus (屬); below the species comes the variety.
-
종간교잡(種間交雜) interspecific (species) cross
Crossing one species (種, species) with another belonging taxonomically to the same genus (屬, genus).
-
종자소독(種子消毒) seed disinfection
Disinfection to prevent diseases transmitted from the seed.
-
종피(種皮) seed coat, spornioderm
The seed coat.
-
주근(主根) primary root, taproot, main root
The body forming the centre of the root, from the lower end of the rhizome head to the point where the lateral roots branch off; in ginseng it is also called the dongche.
-
주당경수(株當莖數) number of stem per plant
The number of stems per plant.
-
A general expression for the stems and leaves above ground.
-
죽절삼(竹節參) Panax japonicus C. A. Meyer
A ginseng whose above-ground stem resembles that of Korean ginseng but whose root is like a bamboo stem and bears many whiskery hairs.
-
죽조림 cultural practice for light and temperature tolerance
A cultivation method in which the plants are given plenty of sunlight during leaf expansion (late April to mid-May) to check spindly growth of the stems and leaves and to increase tolerance to light and high temperature.
-
The stem colour of ginseng ranges from green, with no anthocyanin, to purple as anthocyanin accumulates.
-
줄기속무름병 bacterial soft rot
A ginseng disease in which the pathogen travels rapidly down inside the stem and rots the stem interior, the rhizome head and the whole root.
-
Heavy metallic elements with a specific gravity of 4 or more, such as arsenic, lead, mercury and cadmium.
-
중도폐지(中途廢止) failed crop field, abolished field
Giving up or discontinuing cultivation part-way because of poor ginseng growth or similar problems.
-
A type of tail ginseng, namely the secondary lateral roots.
-
A class of medicinal herbs in the annotated Shennong Bencao Jing, which divides them into upper, middle and lower medicines; the middle medicines include kudzu root, angelica and peony.
-
Soil in which clay (particles of 2 mm or less) accounts for more than half the weight.
-
중편(中片) middle root, middle piece
Ginseng of medium size.
-
The release of water from within the plant into the atmosphere as vapour through the stomata; transpiration.
-
증삼(蒸蔘) steaming ginseng, ginseng steaming
Steaming fresh ginseng.
-
Steaming or boiling fresh ginseng.
-
The roots branching from the taproot of the ginseng; fine roots are in turn attached to these lateral roots.
-
The capacity of the land to raise crops → the productivity of the land.
-
A system for indicating the place of origin, or main producing area, of animal and plant products.
-
지리적분포(地理的分布) geographical distribution
The places that phenomena such as population, society, climate and living things occupy in the earth's space; ginseng is distributed between latitudes 34° and 43° north in three groups: Northeast Asia, the Himalayan region and North America.
-
지별(枝別) pieces, selecting by pieces
The unit used when classifying processed ginseng by size.
-
지상부(地上部) aerial part, above-ground part, top
The parts of a plant distributed above ground level, such as the stems, leaves and flowers.
-
지에이피(GAP) good agriculture practice (GAP)
The code laid down for producing high-quality, clean agricultural produce. ☞ See the good agricultural practice system.
-
지엠피(GMP) good manufacturing practices (GMP)
☞ See the good manufacturing practice system.
-
The part of the stem at ground level. Damping-off and stem rot in ginseng characteristically produce lesions at this point.
-
지주(支柱) prop, pillar, pole, post
The front and rear posts installed to hold up the shade structure.
-
지주목(支柱木) wood pillar (pole, post)
The timber used in the shade structure of a ginseng field, namely the front post (前柱) and the rear post (後柱).
-
지하경(地下莖) rhizome, subterranean stem
The part connecting the root of the plant with the above-ground stem, also called the noedu (腦頭), or rhizome head.
-
Processed ginseng (white ginseng) with a straight body, as contrasted with goksam.
-
직파(直播) direct sowing (planting)
Sowing the seed directly in the main field.
-
직파재배(直播栽培) direct sowing cultivation
A method of growing by sowing directly in the field; the opposite of transplant cultivation.
-
Organisms in which thread-like hyphae develop to form a mycelium; true fungi are classified into Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and imperfect fungi, and most of the fungi that damage ginseng are true fungi.
-
A ginseng saponin constituent, also called an individual saponin.
-
The unit of weight in which fresh ginseng or seedling ginseng is traded; one chae weighs 750 g.
-
Blocking direct sunlight. ☞ See shade structure.
-
A shade material made from netting woven of polyethylene (PE) film to block direct sunlight; it is produced by mixing in an ultraviolet stabiliser and a blue or black pigment.
-
차광자재(遮光資材) shading material
The materials used for shading, such as shade netting, shade paper, aluminium foil and rice straw.
-
A cultivation method in which direct sunlight is blocked to an appropriate degree.
-
The state in which fine roots have emerged from the main root so that the plant can take up water properly; establishment.
-
참검정풍뎅이 Korean black chafer
A ginseng pest of the family Scarabaeidae in the order Coleoptera.
-
채굴(採掘) digging, root harvest
Digging up and harvesting the ginseng.
-
Harvesting seed; for ginseng the seed is collected around the middle to late part of July.
-
채종모본(採種母本) parent plant for seed
Mother plants grown without removing the flower clusters, for the purpose of harvesting good-quality seed.
-
채종포(採種圃) field for seed production
A field managed for the purpose of harvesting seed.
-
Soil of low fertility, with a low organic matter content and the like.
-
천삼(天蔘) heaven grade ginseng
Red ginseng is divided into cheonsam, jisam, yangsam and japsam; this is the first grade.
-
A ginseng variety suited to the manufacture of red ginseng.
-
청경종(靑莖種) green stem variant
A ginseng variant found in Jangdan County, Gyeonggi Province, in 1926; its stem is green and its fruit turns red when ripe.
-
One of the ginseng varieties.
-
A forage crop cut green and used mainly as fresh fodder; for ginseng it is the crop grown during the management of the designated land.
-
Bamboo used in place of rafters in the shade structure of a ginseng field (5 m or more in length, 3.0 cm in thickness).
-
The wild grasses, fallen leaves and the like used as a source of organic fertiliser for ginseng fields.
-
체형(體形) root shape, body shape
The form of the ginseng root, divided into the body, the lateral roots, the fine roots and the rhizome head.
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체형계수(體形係數) body (root) shape index
One of the criteria for assessing the quality of raw fresh ginseng: the ratio between body diameter and body length; for ginseng this body-form coefficient is about 40–50%.
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Ash from burning straw or grass; its main component is potassium carbonate, with lime and phosphoric acid as secondary components.
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초작지(初作地) first planted (crop) field
Cultivated land where ginseng has never been grown before.
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최대풍속(最大風速) maximum wind speed (velocity)
The maximum wind speed; winds of 15 m/s or more cause damage to ginseng.
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추비(追肥) top-dressing, supplementary, supplementary manure, side dressing additional manure, additional fertilizer
Top dressing applied during crop growth according to the state of growth, in addition to the basal dressing.
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추파(秋播) autumn sowing fall seeding, fall sowing
Sowing in autumn.
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춘파(春播) spring sowing, spring seeding
Sowing seed in spring.
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The side roots extending from the taproot; the lateral roots and fine roots together are also called the leg portion.
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Screening the side of the shade structure with a blind or shade netting to keep out direct sunlight.
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A burial method for the dehiscence of ginseng seed, in which gravel, sand and seed are laid up in layers of set thickness.
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치미(治尾) removing of fine red ginseng root
In red ginseng manufacture, the removal of the fine roots and lateral roots attached to the body root after steaming and drying and before shaping.
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The unit of ginseng cultivation area; one kan is 90 cm × 180 cm.
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A plant nutrient; one of the three main fertiliser elements.
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A plant nutrient; one of the macroelements.
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A textile yarn; the cord used in erecting ginseng shade structures.
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The hardening of the skin so that it becomes woody; lignification.
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큰검정풍뎅이 larger black chafer (Holotrichia morosa)
A kind of chafer beetle; a pest that attacks ginseng.
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타가수정(他家受精) cross fertilization, xenogamy
Fertilisation by male and female gametes from different individuals ↔ self-fertilisation.
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Processed ginseng made by cooking fresh ginseng in water and drying it in an upright form; a product intermediate between red and white ginseng.
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턱엽(托葉) stipule, paraphyll (ium)
The small leaf arising at the base of the leaf stalk; the stipule.
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A unit of soil structure: a clod formed naturally or artificially, as during tillage.
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토양산도(土壤酸度) soil acidity (pH)
An expression of the acidity of the soil; pH 7 is neutral.
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토양살균제(土壤殺菌劑) soil fungicide, soil disinfectant
A chemical used to kill pathogens in nursery bed soil and other soils; a soil disinfectant.
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토양삼상(土壤三相) three phases of soil
The solid, liquid and gaseous phases of the soil.
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토양소독(土壤消毒) soil disinfection
Controlling harmful animals and plants in the soil.
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토양수분(土壤水分) soil moisture (water)
All the water held in the soil in liquid, solid and gaseous form.
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토양훈증(土壤燻蒸) soil fumigation
Disinfecting the soil with the gas released when a volatile chemical is applied to it; fumigation.
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토직묘포(土直苗圃) self soil nursery
A style of ginseng nursery in which ridges are formed from the in-situ soil of the managed designated land and the seedbed is then made without sieving the bed soil.
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A rectangular wooden board box used when making the seedbed of a yangjik nursery.
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Being well ventilated.
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퇴비(堆肥) compost, farmyard manure
Organic manure made by gathering straw, grass, fallen leaves and other materials containing fertiliser components, stacking them and letting them decompose.
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파삼(破蔘) lower (poor) grade ginseng, gradeless (broken) ginseng
Diseased ginseng (病蔘) and the like that does not even qualify as off-grade in the classification of fresh ginseng.
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Sowing seed in the ground; it is divided into three types: broadcasting, drilling and dibbling.
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파종기(播種期) sowing period, seeding period sowing season
The time of sowing; there is spring sowing, autumn sowing and so on.
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A machine for sowing seed.
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The quantity sown per unit area.
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파종상(播種床) seed bed, sowing bed
The raised bed made ready for sowing.
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The depth at which the seed is buried in the soil.
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An implement made to keep the sowing spacing and depth uniform.
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팽화(膨化) puffing, explosive puff
The formation of a porous structure in a substance when rapid heating causes its moisture to evaporate suddenly; puffing.
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In white ginseng, Taegeuk ginseng and the like, the number of roots of similar weight and shape per 600 g.
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폐포(廢圃) failed crop field, abolished field
A ginseng field abandoned part-way through cultivation because of disease, weather damage or other circumstances.
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포장용수량(圃場用水量) field moisture capacity
When a large amount of water is added to farmland by irrigation or rainfall, most of the excess drains away through the large pores; water then continues to move by capillary action, and this is the moisture held in the topsoil (表層土) once that movement has almost stopped.
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표층토(表層土) surface soil, top soil
The surface part occupying the uppermost position in the soil profile.
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표토(表土) surface soil, top soil
The soil layer that forms the ground surface.
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A group of organisms characterised by a particular genetic make-up, chromosome structure or chromosome number; a subunit within a species or subspecies.
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품종개량(品種改良) varietal improvement
Breeding varieties according to the intended use so as to make them better; variety improvement.
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품종등록(品種登錄) variety registration
An official record of the characteristics and general particulars of a new or superior variety so that anyone can identify it.
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품종특성(品種特性) varietal characteristics
The distinctive properties that a variety possesses.
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That which indicates what an article is and shows its intrinsic nature, characteristics and condition; quality.
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품질관리(品質管理) quality control
A system of means for producing quality goods economically and in line with the buyer's requirements; quality control.
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품질기준(品質基準) quality standard quality basis
The criteria that determine the content and characteristics of an article.
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Drying plants, soil and the like by means of wind.
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Artificially covering the soil surface in order to raise the soil temperature, check evaporation and control weeds.
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피복자재(被覆資材) covering material
Materials used to create shade or to cover the ground for plant cultivation.
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피부백삼(皮膚白蔘) dried ginseng with skin
Fresh ginseng dried without peeling off the skin → unpeeled white ginseng.
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피중미(皮中尾) mid tail root with skin
In the inspection of white ginseng, medium-sized roots that pass through a sieve of 2–6 mm.
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Ginseng that is diseased, rotten or mechanically damaged.
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According to Tao Hongjing's (陶弘景) annotated Shennong Bencao Jing, these are mainly curative medicines and include pinellia (半夏), balloon flower root (桔梗) and selfheal (夏枯草). ☞ See upper medicines.
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The name given to animals and plants for scientific convenience; devised by the Swedish botanist Linnaeus, it follows the binomial system, with the genus name (屬名) first and the species name (種名) after.
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A continuous spell without rain; drought.
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한해(寒害) cold injury cold damage
Damage suffered by a crop from winter cold during overwintering.
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A growth disorder in crops caused by a lack of soil moisture → drought damage.
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A structure erected so that ginseng can be grown, screening the sunlight appropriately to prevent the surface of the bed from drying, the surface temperature from rising and water from leaking through. ☞ See shade frame.
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The work of erecting a structure to shade the ginseng beds from the sun.
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The materials consumed in a shade structure, including the front posts, rear posts, rafters, purlins and covering.
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해충(害蟲) injurious (noxious) insect, insect pest, vermin
Insects that damage ginseng directly or indirectly; the opposite of beneficial insects.
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해충방제(害忠防除) insect pest control
Preventing or controlling pests directly or indirectly so as to reduce or eliminate the damage done by insects that harm ginseng.
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The arrangement across the bed, corresponding to the columns; in ginseng it relates to the planting distance.
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향기(香氣) odor, flavor, aroma, fragrance
The pleasant scent given off by flowers and plants; in ginseng it is the panacene compound, an essential oil that is a slightly sticky yellow liquid.
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Higher plants that, after a certain amount of growth, flower, set fruit and produce seed.
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A grass crop used as a green forage crop in the management of land designated for ginseng → rye.
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The process in which starch swells with heat and moisture so that its physical and chemical properties and structure change, increasing its viscosity, its solubility in water and its volume; gelatinisation.
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홍대미(紅大尾) red big tail root
Red tail ginseng with a root diameter of 6 mm or more.
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Red-coloured ginseng made by steaming and drying fresh ginseng (水蔘).
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홍삼분말(紅蔘粉末) red ginseng powder
A powder product made by grinding red ginseng so that 85% or more of it is 120 mesh or finer.
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홍삼원료수삼(紅蔘原料水蔘) raw ginseng for red ginseng
Fresh ginseng used for making red ginseng.
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홍삼정(紅蔘精) red ginseng extract
A product made by extracting the saponin constituents of red ginseng and concentrating them under reduced pressure at 60–70°C.
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홍삼정분(紅蔘精粉) red ginseng extract powder
A product made by spray-drying extract obtained from red ginseng into a powder.
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홍삼정차(紅蔘精茶) red ginseng extract tea
A dark brown granular tea made mainly from red ginseng for convenient consumption.
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홍삼정환(紅蔘精丸) red ginseng extract pill
A product made by forming red ginseng extract into pills.
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Red ginseng extract blended with a sweetener such as lactose or glucose and then made into granules or powder.
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A product made by compressing six-year-old red ginseng powder into tablets.
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홍세미(紅細尾) red slender tail root
Red tail ginseng with a root diameter of less than 4 mm.
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홍중미(紅中尾) red mid tail root
Red tail ginseng with a root diameter of 4–6 mm.
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The flower stalk; the pedicel.
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화기삼(花旗參) american ginseng
American ginseng, whose scientific name is Panax quinquefolium L.; together with Canadian ginseng it is known collectively as Western ginseng. ☞ See American ginseng.
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화본과식물(花本科植物) gramineous crop
The grass family: plants such as rye, sorghum and Sudan grass, whose cylindrical or flattened culms (稈) are hollow.
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The male cells within the ginseng anther, corresponding to the microspores → pollen.
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화학비료(化學肥料) chemical (commercial) fertilizer
Fertiliser made by chemical reaction from elements needed for plant growth, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ↔ farm-produced fertiliser.
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황숙종(黃熟鍾) yellow berry variant
A variant found in a grower's ginseng field in Jangdan County, Gyeonggi Province, in 1926 and preserved to this day.
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황증(黃病) leaf discoloration
A physiological disorder that occurs when inorganic components such as nitrogen and phosphorus are excessive and soil moisture is short → yellow disorder.
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황피(黃皮) diseased ginseng with yellow skin
Also called jeokbyeonsam: fresh ginseng whose root skin has turned reddish brown through a physiological disorder.
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The process of ripening the embryo, which is still immature when the seed is harvested; after-ripening.
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A supporting post driven into the ground when a single-layer shade frame is erected in a ginseng field; it stands at the rear of the bed.
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A ginseng shade structure in which one supporting post is driven in at each rear bed and the rear posts between the beds are connected.
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후행(後行) rear line linking type
The rearmost row of the ginseng bed.
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A pesticide that evaporates readily at ordinary temperature (常溫) and whose gas has fungicidal and insecticidal action; a fumigant.
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휴(畦) ridge and furrow, row
A ridge.
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Between the ridges.
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Land left to rest without a crop in order to raise its productivity; fallow.
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The passing of a period of low temperature after the seed has split open, which it must undergo before it will germinate; dormancy.
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휴면기간(休眠期間) dormancy period
The period from when the seed is immature until after-ripening is complete and it can germinate.
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휴면타파(休眠打破) dormancy breaking, breaking of dormancy
Bringing a dormant organism into growth or activity. Ginseng seed can germinate only after low-temperature treatment to break dormancy and a period of after-ripening.
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A bank between fields; a levee.
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The width of the ridge.
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A disease caused by Phoma panacicola in which the root dries, blackens and rots.
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흑색균핵병(黑色菌核病) stromatinia black rot
A kind of ginseng disease.
